Page 2 - Bladder Infections in Women

Bladder infections in women
bacteria by incubation over 2-3 days in a laboratory
(urine culture). Even when these tests are inconclusive,
a prompt response to antibiotics may be helpful in
establishing the diagnosis.
How is a bladder infection treated?
Although many cases of cystitis will resolve without
medication, a short course of antibiotics will hasten
the cure and minimize symptoms. Prolonged courses
of antibiotics (more than five days) are usually
unnecessary and are associated with higher cost
and more side effects. In most cases an inexpensive
generic antibiotic will be effective.
Will my bladder infection come
back?
A bladder infection may recur within one year in
many women. The frequency of recurrences can be
quite variable. Frequent bladder infections generally
are not related to lifestyle or personal hygiene.
How can I prevent bladder
infections?
Several factors have been shown to reduce the risk of
recurrent infections. Ensure that you are well hydrated
and drink enough fluids. Empty your bladder regularly
as it helps to flush out any bacteria. Eating yogurt
with “active cultures” may also help. Various natural
or alternative measures have been suggested to
reduce the risk of bladder infections. These include
acidification of your urine with products such as
cranberry or vitamin C. Some women find these
helpful but their benefit has not been proven in proper
scientific studies.
Diaphragms and spermicides for birth control may
increase your risk of bladder infection. The use of
This publication is produced by
The information in the publication is not intended to convey medical advice or to substitute for direct consultation with a qualified medical
practitioner. The Canadian Urological Association disclaims all liability and legal responsibility howsoever caused, including negligence, for the
information contained in or referenced by this brochure.
© 2014. Canadian Urological Association. All rights reserved.
vaginal lubricants and voiding immediately after
sexual activity may be useful. Vaginal douches
should be avoided. After menopause, estrogen
supplementation may reduce your risk. The use of
estrogen should be discussed with your doctor.
A prolonged course (often several months) of low
dose antibiotics can be taken safely to prevent
infections in some women. For those women who
notice bladder infections soon after sexual activity, a
dose of antibiotic just after sexual activity may prevent
a subsequent infection.
Can I treat a bladder infection
myself?
In most cases of recurrent bladder infections where
your doctor has established a clear diagnosis, you
can safely treat yourself with antibiotics prescribed by
your doctor ahead of time. Repeated cultures of the
urine or other investigations, like x-rays and bladder
examination (cystoscopy), are rarely necessary.
Occasionally, when a woman has recurrent bladder
infections clearly related to sexual activity, a single
dose of antibiotic at the time of sexual intercourse can
be useful in preventing an infection from becoming
established.
When should I see my doctor?
You should see your doctor if you have:
• visibly bloody urine
• fever, vomiting, flank pain
• bladder symptoms persisting after treatment
• frequent infections
Bladder infections in women generally are not difficult
to recognize and treat, with prompt relief of symptoms
and a return to normal lifestyle.
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